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Lake Wobegon effect 乌比冈湖效应 62 Langan Christopher 克里斯多福·蓝根 40 least squares fit 最小二乘拟合 104,110 length ；pregnancy 妊娠期长度 7,15,17,18,20,40,62,73,74,75,78,80,81 likelihood 似然 56,58,79,91 likelihood ratio 似然比 79,83 line plot 17 linear least squares 线性最小二乘 104 linear regression 线性回归 104 linear relationship 线性关系 99 linear transformation 线性变换 67 locomotive problem 火车车问题 93 locomotive.py locomotive.py 94,95 logarithm 对数 69 logarithmic scale 对数变换 35,37 lognormal distribution 对数正态分布 42,43,52,68,69,103,104 longitudinal study 纵贯分析 3,9